ǿ߰ڴٸ?
ǿ߰ڴٸ?
Ӵ ǰ ϴ ó ־. ٷ ġ ౸ Ʋ⡯. оٿ߰ڴٴ ״ ӿ Ȧ Ǹ ״ ξ. ǹ Ǿ, Ȳġ ո ڻ ó ûӰ . ݿ ϸ, Ӵϸ κ ٴ . г ΰ ö. ״ ϴ Ӵϰ 帶 ʾ , 帶 ϰ ϴ ƴϾ ̴. ϸ Ӵϰ , ״ . ̵ ڸϴ.
,
ƹ ưô ־. ڽŵ ڿ ȥ Hon Lik Ϸ 迡 ߴ. ״ ߴ ƾ ü ƾ ġ ߴ. ϰ ƾ ġ ̸ ȿ ̾Ͼ Ǹ پ. , ȥ ڽ ٴ幰 ɴ پ. ڱ ٴ幰 ϴ ƴѰ. ȥ Ͼ ¡ ڼ . κ 1 2003, ȥ ʷ ڴ踦 ߸ߴ.
ϴ ȥ ڴ ùλ ߾ ʴ ߴ. ʾҴٴ ǹ̴. ڴ ȿ 簡 ʾҴ. ٿ 7,000 ȭй, , ּ 69 ߾Ϲ ϴ ä 踦 ̴. ȥ ߸ǰ ʵη 1 ڴ 3 ҷ . Ƭ , ھ( Ǵ ƾ ִ ʷ ۸propylene glycol, ۸glycerin, ) īƮ, Ͽ ȭϴ ȭatomizer װ̴. ܾ 衯 ȥ ڴ 2007 ̱ ߴ. ó ̽ , Ҿ ǰ, ʱ Һڵ ǰ ǽϿ ϱ ߴ. ֽ ݿ ʰ ݾ 鼭 ϱ ϱ ߴ.
ٷ ǰ ڴ ڵ ο ǰ 忡 ߴ. װ 1ȸ ڴ , 2, 3 ڴ迡 ִ ü Ǵ ִ ũ īƮ, ȭⰡ Ǿ. ߿ ߰, ƾ ϴ ̵ ƾ Ÿݰ ϰ Ǿ. ޱ 2014 1濡 466 귣忡 7,764 ڴ ¶ ְ Ǿ. ƾ ߵ ֿ ſ 迡 ع氨 ִ. ʴ´. Ե 踦 ߴ, ٸ ̵鵵 ٶ ȥ ߴ. ڴ ̿ڵ ̸ô ȮǼ ϴ Ҹ ̴.
ڴ Ѱ?
̱ ǰǾ౹FDA ǰ ġ Mitch Zeller Һڵ Ȥ ʵ ؾ Ѵٰ Ѵ. 2014 4 긮ο ״ ڴ迡 ȭй ִ ľ ¶ ߴ. ڴȸ 忡 ǹ . Ϻ 귣忡 ߰ߵ ȭй ϸ ڴ ʴ. ĶϾ б ý ķ۽ Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education ۷Stanton Glantz ڻ ̴. ״ ڴ谡 ǰ ĥ ƹ ̰, ̸ ˾Ƴ ɸٰ Ѵ.
ù ° 캸. ʷ ۸ ۸ Բ ϴ ü . ȭй ̱ ǰǾ౹ Ϲ ѡ ̸, ǰ, Ǿǰ, ȭǰ پ ǰ ϰ ȴ. ϰų Ǻο ҷ ٸ ٰ ˷ ִ. Ѵٸ ̾߱ . ʷ ۸ ܼƮ 忡 Ȱ ȿ ʿ ٽ ̴. ٷڵ ȣ ̻ ߰ߵǾٴ ̹ ˷ ִ. 2013 ̱ е ¶ м Ǹ . Ϻ 귣 ڴ ݼӼ ּ̳ , Ǿ. <Ÿ ƮTobacco Control> ǥ ȭ м ˵, 翣 ٸ ߰ߴ. ̱ ȸ ˻ 迡 ξ ̹ ̱ ϴ. Ƿ ó, ͽīġ Ե ھ Ϻΰ ΰ ջŰ 巯. ҷ · ü ظ ĥ ִ ߰ߵ ̴.
° Ҵ ʹ̼ . ĶϾ б 伭 ۷ ȭ ʹ̼ ڰ Ŭ ִٰ Ѵ. ħؼ Ե ִٴ ̴. ü ġ ´. ״ ̷ Ѵ. ⳪ ִ ߷ ̾Ͼ ȣ Ѵٴ Ű ֽϴ.
, ڴ , ƾ ִ. , ƾ ν ڱϿ Ƶ巹 Ʈ ȣ кȴ. ڵ ϸ ν ȭȴ. ϰ 迡, ƾ ڿ, Ǽ ڴ ϴ ٰ ƮŴ Ѵ. ƾ ֿ ο ϴ Ÿ. ƮŰ , ̷ ̷ ƾ ̸ ϰ ưȭ ȯ ȭų ִ.
۷ ڴ ݴڵ ڴ ݿ μ ġ ʴ´. Ϲε 翡 ڴ踦 ǿ ڵ װ ǿ ʴ 踦 Ȯ Ÿϴ. ڴ踦 õ κ ᱹ 踦 ü ϰ ǿ ȴٴ ̴. ۷ ο Ϻδ ڵ ߵ , ݿ õ õ ʾҴ. ״ 뿩 ϰְ Ű Ȯ 6 ո 6 Ȯ ¸Խϴ. ŭ ɼ . ᱹ ݿ ҵ س ϸ鼭, ߱ ڴ踦 ׳ ΰ ٴ ̴.
ϱ ̸
˷ ŬAlex Clark 20Ⱓ Ȯ ִٸ װ 迴. ĵ ǿ ̰, ͵ ǿ ̰, ŭ ߿ ǿ ̰, ױ ǿ ̶ ߾. ŭ ״ ֿ. ģ ڴ踦 ǿٴ ˰ , ٲ. ó Ϸ翡 2 ǿ ģ ڴ踦 ߴٸ, ٰ ϴ. ģ س´ٸ ִٰ ߾. Ŭ ڴ踦 2 . ٴ .
ʿ ˽ ִ. ű Կ ٴ ̳ մ ͼߴ ൿ ߾. ڴ и ο ̾. ߴ. и ڽ Ѿư ˸鼭 뿹 Ǿ . װͿ ִ ȸ ״ ó ̴. ָ Ŭ ͳ ڴ Ÿ ŰƮ ֹߴ. ״ ʴ踦 ǿ 뿡 ȴ. ķ Ŭ ʴ踦 뵵 ǿ ʾҴ. ڴ ǿ , ƾ ߵ ̱ ϴ. ״ ߵ ȭǾٰ Ѵ. ׳ 踦 ǿ 30п ð ǿ ŵ. ڴ ǿ߰ڴٴ ؾ. 踦 ؾ µ.
۷ ڻó ڴ Ȯε 輺 ϴ ̰ ִ , ̿ ʸ ؼ ϴ 鵵 ִ. ǻ б ǰ Ŭ ðMichael Siegel ڻ Ѵ. 踦 ǿ ʴٰ ڴ ƾ ߵǾ ¥ ٲٴ ýϴ. ݴ ſ. ° ݿ ¿ ұϰ 踦 Ⱓ ǿٰ, ڴ ٲ ¥ Կ ʴ 찡 κԴϴ. ڴ и 踦 ų ̴ Ǵ ϰ ִٴ ̴.
ð ڻ ǰ ϴ ̵ ˷ 輺 ٺ Ű Ұ ٿ ڴ 輺 ҽŰ ١ Ѵ. ۳ Ⱓ <̱ ȸ Journal of the American Medical Association> ȩŲ б ߺǴ ̺ B. ̺David B. Abrams ڻ . ڴ ڵ鵵 ȸ ¼ ֽϴ. ġ ī ʸ ī ó Դϴ. ƾ ٸ, 躸ٴ 輺 ̰ ü ִ ڴ谡 ٴ ǰ̴.
ڴ谡 ǰ ĥ 5, 10, 20 Ȯ Ǵ Żǰ̶ ǰߵ Ʋ ʴ. ڵ ʴ´. ̱ ȸ ȸ <ŧ̼Circulation> Ǹ 2014 å ڴ ߰ߵ ȭй ֽ ߴ. ϰ ϸ ̵ ھ . ƾ, , , ۸, ʷ ۸ݸ DZ ̴. ڵ ȭչ ϸ ٸ ȭй ɼ ִٰ . ü ϴٰ ſ ̴.
ϴ . ٰ ȣ鰩 ϵ ƴϴ. ƾ üġḦ Ⱓ ƿ ڵ ̵鿡 Ư ǿ ߰ߵ ʾҴ. ٳ 2010 ǵ <Ÿ Ʈ> ڴ谡 FDA ƾ Ա ƾ ġ 鿡 ũ ٸ ʴٰ ִ. ƾ ŭ FDA ǰ ̰ ٴ ̴. ߺ ȣڵ Ϻδ 100% ϰ ؾ Ѵٴ Ǿǰ ֽϴ. ð ڻ ̴. ̵ ڴ Ǵ մϴ. ڴ谡 40 ڿ ߺ ̶ ؼ ִٴ Դϴ. ݸ ٸϴ. . ̰ ̹Ƿ 踦 忡 Ƴ ϴ ½ϴ. ڴ? װ θ Ǵ̶ Դϴ.
ڴ谡 Ϸ翡 ǿ ҽŰ ȿ и ִ١ Ѵ. Ϸ ǿ 20.1 16.3 پ.
ڴ ڵ ؼ ǰߴ븳 ʴ´. ִĸ ġϰ, ٸ 鵵 ǰ ִ. ڴ ؼ ټ Ѵ ѵ, װ ƾ £ ǰ ϴ ΰ? ڴ ؼ Ȯ ȴٸ ġ ִ°? ̱ (CDC, Centers for Disease Control) ǥ Ҿ ״. ̿ ߰л ڴ 2011 2012 ũ ߴ. ܿ ߴ. ٰ ڴ谡 ҿ ߴٰ . ٰ α 缺ߴٰ . CDC ڴ ٸ, ֵڴ и ȸ簡 ̴. ̵ ֱٱ ڴ踦 η ־.
θLorillard 2012 Blu ڴ μ ʵη, ٸ Ŵ ȸ鵵 ̱ Ģ ִ. 2014 Ʈƻ 긮Ƽ Ƹĭ Ÿڻ簡 ڴ ü ż ̳ Ƹĭ Ż ̹ ü 귣带 ߴ. 丮 Ÿڻ ȥ Ư㰡 Ե 巡Ʈ ͳųλ μ ƴ. 丮 Ÿڻ ȸ縦 ټ ̹ DZ ħط ϰ ִ. м 10 ̳ 3 ȸ簡 ü ڴ 75% ִ. ȸ縦 ȭų ߸ ¾ ϰ ִ ̴.
۷ ڻ ̷ Ѵ. 縦 캸 ຸ Դϴ. 1950 ȸ ߾. ͵ ƴѵ, ϴٰ 鼭 鸸 Դϴ. 1970뿡 ̵ Ʈ ϵ 踦 鼭 Ǵٽ Һڸ ߽ϴ. ϴٴ ŵ ߵ · ӹ ϸ鼭 ϵ Ȥϰ ִ . ϴٰ ϴ ο ߵ ü װ. , ̼ ִ ̸ ƾ ̱ ǰ ñ .
̱ Ȳ ū FDA. 2008 2010 FDA ڴȸ µ, ó FDA ڴ踦 ε ա ǰ ߴ. FDA , ٽ . FDA Tobacco Control Act ֵ ڴ踦 ǰ зߴ. ܰ ̾µ, FDA ̶ ߴ. 2013 ġ Ǹ鼭 þ. ȸκ Ҽ Ȯ ū Ȳ , ƴ ƿ ϴ. ̰ ̱ ȸ ƴ ̴.
1992 9 , ϱ ǹ ߴ κ 20 . ù ڴ谡 10 ̱ ߴ. Ӵϴ ġ ƿ ̴. ߿ Ӵϰ ƹ Ͻ δ, Ÿ鼭 ħ ٰ ߴ. ٰ ħ ż ȿ ΰ ߲ϴ Բ ǰ ߴ. װ Ӵ ҽ ȯڽǿ Ӵϴ Ҹũ ä ŷ ѷο ־. ܰ ǻ Ӵ μ и ´. װ Ӵ ϰ ־ 亮 ־.
߿ ׳ ù , κ ̵ ȣ϶ ŽŴߴ. ״ ӵȴ. Ӵϴ ħ ư̴. Ƶ 20̰, ڴ. ڴ谡 ̵ εұ? ̵ ƴϴ ̵ Ƶ, ? ״ ߴ. ұϰ Ӵϰ Ű ڴ谡 ߸Ǿٸ? Ӵϰ ־ ƴұ? ״ ʿ Ȯ .
ʾ Ҿ Ȱ ִ ֺ . 踦 ǿų, ݿ ڴ踦 ϰ ְų, Ǵ ڴ 踦 Կ ִ. ǰ ϸ ع 踦 ϴ ̹ ڸϴ. ϱ , Ǵ ̱ õ ڴ ϴ . ٸ ÿ ʿ IJ غ ʰڴ°?
ڴ и 踦 ų ̴ Ǵ ϰ ִٴ ̴.
ü ġ
330% Yü ջ ɼ.
24% ڿ ҵ .
ó <̾Science>, ̱ ƲŸ غFederal Reserve Bank of Atlanta
ϴ ݿ ϸ, پ 10 ɸ. ȸ ̰ ? ȩŲ б 踦 ȭä, ݸ ̴Ͼ߸ ܺ Ͽ ɸ 20% ߴٰ ߴ. ϴ١ ؼ ٹAnthony Alberg ڻ Ѵ. ݸ ǿ Ծ Ѵ.
谡 踦 3
2 ƾ ħ ù 踦 ǿ ˾Ƶ. <ƾ & Ÿ ġNicotine & Tobacco Research> Ǹ , Ͼ 30 ƾ Է 4mg ϴ. ڵ ݿ ƹ ں 2 Ҵ. ù 踦 ð Ȯ ̶ ڴ Ѵ.
3 ǰ Ȯ ˾Ƶ. Ǻ̴Ͼ ָб ߺ ʴ Jonathan Foulds ڻ ݿ ڴ踦 ʴ´. ѹ õغ ̶ 2, 3 ǰ Ѵ. ǰ 1 衯 ƾ Է ڴ ٲٱⰡ . ƾ Է ȴ.
ڴ غ
÷ 踦 䳻? ִ.
2 ȭ ⼭ ƾ ʰ ȭȴ.
3 Ƭ-̿ ⸦ Ѵ.
4 ũμ ȭ ߾ġ̴.
5 ھ ƾ īƮ پ ȴ
ڴ
11% ڴ谡 ϴ١ ϴ ڴ ڵ .
58% ּ 1 ۿ, Ÿ, ϴ .
79% ڴ踦 ٽ 踦 ǿ ɱ ϴ ʴ .
ó International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Addiction
ڴ
û ۳ ڴ ڴ Է 348.2%, 342% ߴ. ݸ Է 15% ̻ پ. ̹ ڴ谡 ⼼ ִ ̴.
[ó] コ Men`s Health (ѱ)
翡 Ͽ, ۱ǹ ȣ , մϴ.